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Cycling Science

Target Systems

The specific receptor, enzyme, transporter, or neuroendocrine axis that a compound directly modulates. This is the entity that adapts (or doesn't) — and therefore determines whether cycling is needed.

30 systems20 adapting10 stable

The single boolean that drives the entire engine

Every target system has one critical property: does it adapt? Systems that adapt (develop tolerance) require cycling. Systems that don't — substrates, cofactors, structural materials — can be dosed daily without diminishing returns. This single boolean drives the entire cycling engine.

Adapting Systems

20 systems

These systems develop tolerance with sustained compound exposure. They require cycling (micro or macro) to maintain efficacy — and each has a measurable reset profile.

Adenosine A1/A2A receptors

adenosine-a1-a2a

ReceptorAdapts
Adaptation mechanism: Receptor Downregulation

Compounds targeting this system

Pathways through this system

Muscarinic M1 acetylcholine receptor

muscarinic-m1

ReceptorAdapts
Adaptation mechanism: Receptor Downregulation

Compounds targeting this system

Pathways through this system

Melatonin MT1/MT2 receptors

mt1-mt2

ReceptorAdapts
Adaptation mechanism: Receptor Downregulation

Compounds targeting this system

Pathways through this system

Serotonin 5-HT1A/2A receptors

5-ht1a-2a

ReceptorAdapts
Adaptation mechanism: Receptor Downregulation

Compounds targeting this system

Pathways through this system

GABA-A receptor

gaba-a

ReceptorAdapts
Adaptation mechanism: Receptor Internalization

Compounds targeting this system

TrkA/TrkB neurotrophin receptors

trka-trkb

ReceptorAdapts
Adaptation mechanism: Receptor Downregulation

Compounds targeting this system

Pathways through this system

Dectin-1 beta-glucan receptor

dectin-1

ReceptorAdapts
Adaptation mechanism: Receptor Downregulation

Compounds targeting this system

Pathways through this system

α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor

nicotinic-alpha7

ReceptorAdapts
Adaptation mechanism: Receptor Downregulation

Compounds targeting this system

Pathways through this system

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE)

ache

EnzymeAdapts
Adaptation mechanism: Enzyme Upregulation

Compounds targeting this system

Monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B)

mao-b

EnzymeAdapts
Adaptation mechanism: Enzyme Upregulation

Compounds targeting this system

Pathways through this system

Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC)

aadc

EnzymeAdapts
Adaptation mechanism: Substrate Competition

Compounds targeting this system

Pathways through this system

Glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL)

gcl

EnzymeAdapts
Adaptation mechanism: Feedback Loop Desensitization

Compounds targeting this system

Pathways through this system

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)

ampk-kinase

EnzymeAdapts
Adaptation mechanism: Feedback Loop Desensitization

Compounds targeting this system

Pathways through this system

Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) deacetylase

sirt1

EnzymeAdapts
Adaptation mechanism: Cofactor Depletion

Compounds targeting this system

Aromatase (CYP19A1)

cyp19a1-aromatase

EnzymeAdapts
Adaptation mechanism: Enzyme Upregulation

Compounds targeting this system

Pathways through this system

HPA axis (CRH → ACTH → cortisol)

hpa-axis

Neuroendocrine AxisAdapts
Adaptation mechanism: Axis Set Point Drift

Compounds targeting this system

Pathways through this system

HPG axis (GnRH → LH → testosterone)

hpg-axis

Neuroendocrine AxisAdapts
Adaptation mechanism: Axis Set Point Drift

Compounds targeting this system

Pathways through this system

Keap1-Nrf2-ARE signaling complex

keap1-nrf2-are

Signaling ComplexAdapts
Adaptation mechanism: Feedback Loop Desensitization

Compounds targeting this system

Pathways through this system

NF-κB signaling complex

nfkb

Signaling ComplexAdapts
Adaptation mechanism: Feedback Loop Desensitization

Compounds targeting this system

Pathways through this system

Mitochondrial electron transport chain (Complex I–IV)

mitochondrial-etc-complex

Signaling ComplexAdapts
Adaptation mechanism: Feedback Loop Desensitization

Compounds targeting this system

Pathways through this system

Non-Adapting Systems

10 systems

These systems do not develop tolerance. They are substrates, cofactors, or structural pools that benefit from consistent daily replenishment. No cycling needed.

SLC6A8 creatine transporter

slc6a8

TransporterStable

Compounds targeting this system

Pathways through this system

TauT (SLC6A6) taurine transporter

taut-slc6a6

TransporterStable

Compounds targeting this system

Pathways through this system

Cellular NAD+ pool

nad-pool

Substrate PoolStable

Pathways through this system

Collagen precursor substrate pool

collagen-substrate

Substrate PoolStable

Compounds targeting this system

Pathways through this system

Electrolyte/mineral pool (Na+, K+, Mg2+)

electrolyte-pool

Substrate PoolStable

Compounds targeting this system

Pathways through this system

Omega-3/SPM precursor pool

omega-spm-pool

Substrate PoolStable

Pathways through this system

Keratin precursor substrate pool

keratin-substrate

Substrate PoolStable

Pathways through this system

Enzymatic cofactor pool (Mg2+, Zn2+, B vitamins)

cofactor-pool

Substrate PoolStable

Compounds targeting this system

Pathways through this system

Vitamin D receptor (VDR)

vdr-nuclear

ReceptorStable

Pathways through this system

eNOS / nitric oxide vasodilation pathway

enos-no-pathway

EnzymeStable

Pathways through this system

Explore the system

See How It All Connects

Target systems are one layer of the cycling engine. Explore compounds to see their cycling schedules, or pathways to see how systems chain together.