Pharmacological Science
Biological Pathways
Each pathway represents the specific biological route a compound takes to achieve a wellness goal — from receptor binding to downstream cellular effects. Understanding these pathways is the foundation of smart cycling.
Showing 27 of 27 pathways
Acetylcholinesterase inhibition
ache-inhibitionBlocks AChE enzyme to increase synaptic acetylcholine, enhancing memory consolidation and recall.
Target Systems
Compounds Using This Pathway
Choline substrate supply
choline-substrateSupplies choline as raw material for acetylcholine synthesis, boosting cholinergic neurotransmission.
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Compounds Using This Pathway
NGF/BDNF neurotrophic stimulation
ngf-stimulationStimulates nerve growth factor synthesis for long-term neuronal resilience and synaptic plasticity.
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Compounds Using This Pathway
HPA axis cortisol modulation
hpa-axis-modulationModulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis to regulate cortisol output and stress response.
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Compounds Using This Pathway
GABAergic anxiolytic modulation
gaba-calmPromotes GABA tone and alpha-wave activity for anxiolytic calm without sedation.
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Compounds Using This Pathway
GABAergic sedative signaling
gaba-sedativeDirectly activates GABA-A receptors for anxiolytic and sedative relaxation effects.
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Compounds Using This Pathway
Serotonin precursor loading
serotonin-precursorProvides 5-HTP to increase serotonin synthesis, supporting mood and sleep-wake regulation.
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Compounds Using This Pathway
Melatonergic circadian signaling
melatonin-circadianActivates melatonin receptors in the SCN to regulate circadian rhythm and sleep onset.
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Compounds Using This Pathway
HPG axis hormonal support
hpg-axis-hormonalSupports testosterone via HPG axis stimulation and aromatase modulation.
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Compounds Using This Pathway
Cerebral blood flow / vasodilation
cerebral-blood-flowEnhances nitric oxide-mediated vasodilation for improved brain oxygenation and nutrient delivery.
Target Systems
Mitochondrial electron transport chain
mitochondrial-etcSupports mitochondrial ATP production via electron transport chain optimization.
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Compounds Using This Pathway
AMPK metabolic activation
ampk-metabolicActivates AMPK signaling cascade for metabolic optimization and sirtuin-mediated longevity.
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Compounds Using This Pathway
NF-κB anti-inflammatory modulation
nfkb-inflammationSuppresses NF-κB-driven inflammatory signaling for tissue protection and recovery.
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Compounds Using This Pathway
Beta-glucan immune training
beta-glucan-immuneTrains innate immune cells via Dectin-1 and TLR receptor activation for enhanced pathogen defense.
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Compounds Using This Pathway
Collagen structural support
collagen-structuralSupplies collagen peptides as substrates for fibroblast-mediated extracellular matrix synthesis.
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Compounds Using This Pathway
Electrolyte/mineral hydration
electrolyte-hydrationMaintains osmotic balance and membrane potential gradients via mineral replenishment.
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Compounds Using This Pathway
Adenosine receptor blockade
adenosine-blockadeCompetitively blocks adenosine receptors to prevent drowsiness signaling and promote alertness.
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Compounds Using This Pathway
Dopaminergic/noradrenergic modulation
dopamine-norepinephrineModulates monoamine oxidase and catecholamine pathways for dopamine/NE-driven motivation and focus.
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Compounds Using This Pathway
Nrf2 antioxidant defense activation
antioxidant-nrf2Activates Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway for phase II detoxification enzyme induction.
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Compounds Using This Pathway
Glutathione precursor supply
glutathione-precursorProvides rate-limiting cysteine for glutathione synthesis via GCL enzyme.
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Compounds Using This Pathway
Omega/SPM inflammation resolution
omega-resolutionSupplies EPA/DHA precursors for specialized pro-resolving mediator (SPM) synthesis.
Target Systems
Keratin structural support
keratin-structuralProvides biotin, silica, and cofactors for keratin production in hair, skin, and nails.
Target Systems
NAD+ salvage pathway support
nad-salvageReplenishes cellular NAD+ pools via NMN/NR precursors for sirtuin function.
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Compounds Using This Pathway
Phosphocreatine ATP buffering
creatine-phosphagenSaturates phosphocreatine stores via SLC6A8 transporter for rapid ATP regeneration in muscle and brain — supports both physical power output and cognitive performance under fatigue.
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Compounds Using This Pathway
Enzymatic cofactor replenishment
cofactor-enzymaticMaintains Mg²⁺, Zn²⁺, and B-vitamin pools required for 300+ enzymatic reactions including ATP synthesis and DNA repair.
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Compounds Using This Pathway
Taurine cellular osmoregulation
taurine-cellularSupports cardiac contractility, neural membrane stabilization, and bile acid conjugation via TauT transporter-mediated cellular uptake.
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Compounds Using This Pathway
Vitamin D receptor genomic signaling
vdr-genomicActivates VDR nuclear receptor to regulate ~1,000 genes involved in calcium metabolism, immune function, and bone health.
Target Systems
System Overview
27
Biological Pathways
30
Target Systems
27
Cycling Compounds